October 2025 | Here's what's happened in the last month.
A look at 3.5 Years of Starlink Growth
This month, we welcomed Doug Malory, a long-time friend and well-known analyst and commentator on all things Internet measurement, as a first-time guest author on the Pulse Blog.
Doug shared an overview of the Starlink IP geolocation files he has been downloading every two hours since April 2022. These files contain IP prefix ranges, two-letter country codes, region codes, and city labels.
In the past 3.5 years, the file has nearly doubled, with the number of unique county codes growing from 41 to 169! Needless to say, most growth has occurred outside of the USA.
Other interesting takeaways from this snapshot include:
The most popular IPv4 prefix size has changed from /27 (n=766 in April 2024) to a /24 (n=1379 in September 2025).
In 2022, only /36 IPv6 prefixes were visible. Now, there are multiple instances, the most popular being /40, followed by /42.
Changes to the Starlink IP geolocation file occur primarily between 20:00 and 2:00 UTC.
Do you have a story or research to share? Email us pulse@isoc.org
A Community-Driven Solution for Mapping the World's Internet Backbone
The Open Fibre Data Standard (OFDS) is a common language for describing terrestrial fibre optic networks. It also works to establish norms among operators and regulators for information sharing regarding terrestrial fibre deployments.
The standard facilitates the exchange, analysis, and visualization of fibre network data for different stakeholders, including governments, telecom providers, and researchers.
In 2025, the Internet Society is working to advance awareness and adoption of the standard worldwide through in-person workshops and technical assistance. We are also establishing a multistakeholder governance mechanism to guide the evolution of the standard and associated resources.
We are proud to sponsor this year's ACM IMC Hackathon, which explores, analyzes, and visualizes open network measurement data to develop new methods, tools, or interfaces related to Internet monitoring, censorship, and shutdown events.
We are proud sponsors of the 20th Asian Internet Engineering Conference (AINTEC 2025), which draws together academics, industry researchers, and network operators to discuss Internet measurements related to the Asia-Pacific region.
MENOG 2025
24-28 November, Dubai, UAE
Hanna Kreitem and Amreesh Phokeer will be presenting our IXP Tracker and research into the consistency of IP Address Registration Geolocation at the Middle East Network Operators Group Meeting and Peering Forum.
Internet Measurement Day, Tajikistan
1 December, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
We are proudly supporting and participating in the next Internet Measurement Day (IMD). IMD is a series of free and open events initiated by the RIPE NCC and ICANN to promote Internet measurement tools to local communities.
Internet Measurement Day, Tajikistan
1 December, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
We are proud to support and participate in the next Internet Measurement Day (IMD). IMD is a series of free and open events initiated by the RIPE NCC and ICANN to promote Internet measurement tools to local communities.
Pulse Research Week, Spain
8-11 December, Barcelona, Spain
We will be holding our first Pulse Research Week along with our host, Internet Society Catalan Chapter, and collaborators, Measurement Lab and Giga UNICEF. The four-day hybrid event will include:
Stay tuned to our event page for details of these and other upcoming events. And email us at pulse@isoc.org if you’re interested in hosting, partnering, sponsoring, or presenting opportunities.
Tanzania 29 October: Data and local reports suggest that Tanzania is experiencing an intentional disruption of its Internet services, following its elections.
India 23—24 October: Local unrest in the Kamalpur subdivision has led to a 24 hour suspension of mobile Internet access.
India 15 Oct—Ongoing: The district of Baksa, Assam, is currently experiencing an ongoing suspension of mobile Internet services.
India 5—7 October: Odisha authorities order mobile services to be suspended in Cuttack City amid local unrest.
India 2—4 October: Mobile and fix broadband services were suspended in Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, amid ongoing tensions.
India 29 Sep—3 Oct: Mobile Internet services were suspended in Leh, Ladakh, following local protests.
Togo, 26 June—Ongoing: Amid political unrest in Togo, the government is limiting access to multiple services.
Iraq, 18 Feb—Ongoing: Iraq authorities have reportedly ordered upstream providers to suspend Internet connectivity to Kurdistan ISP KorekTel due to “non-compliance with paying outstanding debts and continued violations.”
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