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title: "Blast-Off: 3.5 Years of Starlink Growth"
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Review what we've been discussing and tracking on Pulse this month.

| View in browser October 2025 \| Here's what's happened in the last month. A look at 3.5 Years of Starlink Growth This month, we welcomed Doug Malory, a long-time friend and well-known analyst and commentator on all things Internet measurement, as a first-time guest author on the Pulse Blog.    Doug shared an overview of the Starlink IP geolocation files he has been downloading every two hours since April 2022.  These files contain IP prefix ranges, two-letter country codes, region codes, and city labels.   In the past 3.5 years, the file has nearly doubled, with the number of unique county codes growing from 41 to 169! Needless to say, most growth has occurred outside of the USA. Other interesting takeaways from this snapshot include: The most popular IPv4 prefix size has changed from /27 (n=766 in April 2024) to a /24 (n=1379 in September 2025). In 2022, only /36 IPv6 prefixes were visible. Now, there are multiple instances, the most popular being /40, followed by /42. Changes to the Starlink IP geolocation file occur primarily between 20:00 and 2:00 UTC. Read the post On the Pulse Blog How Much Mobile Competition Is Just Right? Who Owns, Operates, and Develops Your VPN Matters VPN or Vpwn: How Afraid Should You Be of VPN Traffic Identification? Keeping Gaza Connected: Building Crisis-Resilient Internet Access Bandwidth is Dead. Long Live Data Logistics More Than 70% of DNS Root Queries Are Junk Are Research and Education Networks Critical Infrastructure? Blast-Off: 3.5 Years of Starlink Growth A First Look at Starlink’s Impact on Internet Equity  Do you have a story or research to share? Email us pulse@isoc.org A Community-Driven Solution for Mapping the World's Internet Backbone The Open Fibre Data Standard (OFDS) is a common language for describing terrestrial fibre optic networks. It also works to establish norms among operators and regulators for information sharing regarding terrestrial fibre deployments. The standard facilitates the exchange, analysis, and visualization of fibre network data for different stakeholders, including governments, telecom providers, and researchers. In 2025, the Internet Society is working to advance awareness and adoption of the standard worldwide through in-person workshops and technical assistance. We are also establishing a multistakeholder governance mechanism to guide the evolution of the standard and associated resources.  Learn more Upcoming events ACM Internet Measurement Conference Hackathon 31 October, Madison, WI, USA We are proud to sponsor this year's ACM IMC Hackathon, which  explores, analyzes, and visualizes open network measurement data to develop new methods, tools, or interfaces related to Internet monitoring, censorship, and shutdown events. PIMF India 14 November, Punjab, India We are hosting a PIMF event alongside the Orbit 2025 Conference and the second Advanced Internet Operations Research in India (AIORI) Hackathon. AINTEC 2025 25-27 November, Taguig, Philippines We are proud sponsors of the 20th Asian Internet Engineering Conference (AINTEC 2025), which draws together academics, industry researchers, and network operators to discuss Internet measurements related to the Asia-Pacific region. MENOG 2025 24-28 November, Dubai, UAE Hanna Kreitem and Amreesh Phokeer will be presenting our IXP Tracker and research into the consistency of IP Address Registration Geolocation at the Middle East Network Operators Group Meeting and Peering Forum. Internet Measurement Day, Tajikistan 1 December, Dushanbe, Tajikistan We are proudly supporting and participating in the next Internet Measurement Day (IMD). IMD is a series of free and open events initiated by the RIPE NCC and ICANN to promote Internet measurement tools to local communities. Internet Measurement Day, Tajikistan 1 December, Dushanbe, Tajikistan We are proud to support and participate in the next Internet Measurement Day (IMD). IMD is a series of free and open events initiated by the RIPE NCC and ICANN to promote Internet measurement tools to local communities. Pulse Research Week, Spain 8-11 December, Barcelona, Spain We will be holding our first Pulse Research Week along with our host, Internet Society Catalan Chapter, and collaborators, Measurement Lab and Giga UNICEF. The four-day hybrid event will include: Pulse Internet Measurement Forum (8—9 December) Internet Yellow Pages Training (10 December, Morning) Internet Data Trust Workshop (10 December, Afternoon) Joint ISOC/M-Lab/Giga Workshop (11 December) Stay tuned to our event page for details of these and other upcoming events. And email us at pulse@isoc.org if you’re interested in hosting, partnering, sponsoring, or presenting opportunities. Learn More About PIMF Internet Shutdowns Recent and Ongoing Shutdowns Tanzania 29 October: Data and local reports suggest that Tanzania is experiencing an intentional disruption of its Internet services, following its elections.  India 23—24 October: Local unrest in the Kamalpur subdivision has led to a 24 hour suspension of mobile Internet access.  India 15 Oct—Ongoing: The district of Baksa, Assam, is currently experiencing an ongoing suspension of mobile Internet services. India 5—7 October: Odisha authorities order mobile services to be suspended in Cuttack City amid local unrest. India 2—4 October: Mobile and fix broadband services were suspended in Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, amid ongoing tensions. India 29 Sep—3 Oct: Mobile Internet services were suspended in Leh, Ladakh, following local protests. Togo, 26 June—Ongoing: Amid political unrest in Togo, the government is limiting access to multiple services. Iraq, 18 Feb—Ongoing: Iraq authorities have reportedly ordered upstream providers to suspend Internet connectivity to Kurdistan ISP KorekTel due to “non-compliance with paying outstanding debts and continued violations.” Pakistan, 15 Nov—Ongoing Equatorial Guinea, 20 July—Ongoing Palestine, 7 Oct 2023—Ongoing Iran, 20 Sep 2022—Ongoing Russia, 26 Feb 2022—Ongoing Myanmar, 2 Feb 2021—Ongoing See the Latest Shutdown Data Help Achieve an Internet for Everyone Internet access can impact so much. For decades, the Internet has enabled us to create, grow, and learn more than we ever imagined.   Your gift helps keep the Internet a place of possibility for those of us who know and love it, and expands to reach people who have yet to take advantage of the opportunities it affords. Donate today This message was sent to email by the Internet Society. 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